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Antigua and Barbuda Reference Map and Information
Note -- This Antigua and Barbuda reference map and supplemental information have been modified and reformatted from the CIA World Factbook -- available in the public domain.
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| Introduction |
Antigua and Barbuda |
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Background:
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The
Siboney were the first to inhabit the islands of Antigua and Barbuda in
2400 B.C., but Arawak Indians populated the islands when COLUMBUS
landed on his second voyage in 1493. Early settlements by the Spanish
and French were succeeded by the English who formed a colony in 1667.
Slavery, established to run the sugar plantations on Antigua, was
abolished in 1834. The islands became an independent state within the
British Commonwealth of Nations in 1981. |
| Geography |
Antigua and Barbuda |
|
Location:
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Caribbean,
islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean,
east-southeast of Puerto Rico |
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Geographic coordinates:
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17
03 N, 61 48 W |
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Map references:
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Central
America and the Caribbean |
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Area:
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total:
442.6 sq km (Antigua 280 sq km; Barbuda 161 sq km)
land: 442.6 sq km
water: 0 sq km
note: includes Redonda, 1.6 sq km |
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Area - comparative:
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2.5
times the size of Washington, DC |
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Land boundaries:
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0
km |
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Coastline:
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153
km |
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Maritime claims:
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territorial
sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of
the continental margin |
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Climate:
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tropical
maritime; little seasonal temperature variation |
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Terrain:
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mostly
low-lying limestone and coral islands, with some higher volcanic areas |
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest
point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point: Boggy Peak 402 m |
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Natural resources:
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NEGL;
pleasant climate fosters tourism |
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Land use:
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arable
land: 18.18%
permanent crops: 4.55%
other: 77.27% (2005) |
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Irrigated land:
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NA
|
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Total renewable water resources:
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0.1
cu km (2000) |
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Freshwater withdrawal
(domestic/industrial/agricultural):
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Total:
0.005 cu km/yr (60%/20%/20%)
Per capita: 63 cu m/yr (1990) |
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Natural hazards:
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hurricanes
and tropical storms (July to October); periodic droughts |
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Environment - current issues:
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water
management - a major concern because of limited natural fresh water
resources - is further hampered by the clearing of trees to increase
crop production, causing rainfall to run off quickly |
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Environment - international
agreements:
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party
to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental
Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone
Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected
agreements |
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Geography - note:
|
Antigua
has a deeply indented shoreline with many natural harbors and beaches;
Barbuda has a very large western harbor |
| People |
Antigua and Barbuda |
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Population:
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69,481
(July 2007 est.) |
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Age structure:
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0-14
years: 27.3% (male 9,647/female 9,306)
15-64 years: 69% (male 24,137/female 23,801)
65 years and over: 3.7% (male 965/female
1,625) (2007 est.) |
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Median age:
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total:
30.3 years
male: 29.8 years
female: 30.8 years (2007 est.) |
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Population growth rate:
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0.527%
(2007 est.) |
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Birth rate:
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16.62
births/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
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Death rate:
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5.31
deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
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Net migration rate:
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-6.04
migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
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Sex ratio:
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at
birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.037 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.014 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.594 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
|
|
Infant mortality rate:
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total:
18.26 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 21.99 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 14.36 deaths/1,000 live births (2007
est.) |
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total
population: 72.42 years
male: 70.03 years
female: 74.94 years (2007 est.) |
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Total fertility rate:
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2.23
children born/woman (2007 est.) |
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Nationality:
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noun:
Antiguan(s), Barbudan(s)
adjective: Antiguan, Barbudan |
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Ethnic groups:
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black
91%, mixed 4.4%, white 1.7%, other 2.9% (2001 census) |
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Religions:
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Anglican
25.7%, Seventh Day Adventist 12.3%, Pentecostal 10.6%, Moravian 10.5%,
Roman Catholic 10.4%, Methodist 7.9%, Baptist 4.9%, Church of God 4.5%,
other Christian 5.4%, other 2%, none or unspecified 5.8% (2001 census) |
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Languages:
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English
(official), local dialects |
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Literacy:
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definition:
age 15 and over has completed five or more years of schooling
total population: 85.8%
male: NA%
female: NA% (2003 est.) |
| Government |
Antigua and Barbuda |
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Country name:
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conventional
long form: none
conventional short form: Antigua and Barbuda |
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Government type:
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constitutional
monarchy with a parliamentary system of government |
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Capital:
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name:
Saint John's
geographic coordinates: 17 07 N, 61 51 W
time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of
Washington, DC during Standard Time) |
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Administrative divisions:
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6
parishes and 2 dependencies*; Barbuda*, Redonda*, Saint George, Saint
John, Saint Mary, Saint Paul, Saint Peter, Saint Philip |
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Independence:
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1
November 1981 (from UK) |
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National holiday:
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Independence
Day (National Day), 1 November (1981) |
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Constitution:
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1
November 1981 |
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Legal system:
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based
on English common law |
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Suffrage:
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18
years of age; universal |
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Executive branch:
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chief
of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952);
represented by Governor General Louisse LAKE-TACK (since 17 July 2007)
head of government: Prime Minister Winston
Baldwin SPENCER (since 24 March 2004)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the
governor general on the advice of the prime minister
elections: none; the monarch is hereditary;
governor general chosen by the monarch on the advice of the prime
minister; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority
party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed
prime minister by the governor general |
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Legislative branch:
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bicameral
Parliament consists of the Senate (17 seats; members appointed by the
governor general) and the House of Representatives (17 seats; members
are elected by proportional representation to serve five-year terms)
elections: House of Representatives - last
held 23 March 2004 (next to be held in 2009)
election results: percent of vote by party -
NA; seats by party - ALP 4, UPP 13 |
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Judicial branch:
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Eastern
Caribbean Supreme Court (based in Saint Lucia; one judge of the Supreme
Court is a resident of the islands and presides over the Court of
Summary Jurisdiction); member Caribbean Court of Justice |
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Political parties and leaders:
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Antigua
Labor Party or ALP [Lester Bryant BIRD]; Barbudans for a Better Barbuda
[Ordrick SAMUEL]; Barbuda People's Movement or BPM [Thomas H. FRANK];
Barbuda People's Movement for Change [Arthur NIBBS]; United Progressive
Party or UPP [Baldwin SPENCER] (a coalition of three parties - Antigua
Caribbean Liberation Movement or ACLM, Progressive Labor Movement or
PLM, United National Democratic Party or UNDP) |
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Political pressure groups and
leaders:
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Antigua
Trades and Labor Union or ATLU [William ROBINSON]; People's Democratic
Movement or PDM [Hugh MARSHALL] |
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International organization
participation:
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ACP,
C, Caricom, CDB, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC,
IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, ITUC, MIGA,
NAM, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO,
WIPO, WMO, WTO |
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Diplomatic representation in the
US:
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chief
of mission: Ambassador Deborah Mae LOVELL
chancery: 3216 New Mexico Avenue NW,
Washington, DC 20016
telephone: [1] (202) 362-5122
FAX: [1] (202) 362-5225
consulate(s) general: Miami |
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Diplomatic representation from
the US:
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the
US does not have an embassy in Antigua and Barbuda; the US Ambassador
to Barbados is accredited to Antigua and Barbuda |
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Flag description:
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red,
with an inverted isosceles triangle based on the top edge of the flag;
the triangle contains three horizontal bands of black (top), light
blue, and white, with a yellow rising sun in the black band |
| Economy |
Antigua and Barbuda |
|
Economy - overview:
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Antigua
has a relatively high GDP per capita in comparison to most other
Caribbean nations. It has experienced solid growth since 2003, driven
by a construction boom in hotels and housing that which should wind
down in 2008. Tourism continues to dominate the economy, accounting for
more than half of GDP. The dual-island nation's agricultural production
is focused on the domestic market and constrained by a limited water
supply and a labor shortage stemming from the lure of higher wages in
tourism and construction. Manufacturing comprises enclave-type assembly
for export with major products being bedding, handicrafts, and
electronic components. Prospects for economic growth in the medium term
will continue to depend on income growth in the industrialized world,
especially in the US, which accounts for slightly more than one-third
of tourist arrivals. Since taking office in 2004, the SPENCER
government has adopted an ambitious fiscal reform program, but will
continue to be saddled by its debt burden with a debt-to-GDP ratio
exceeding 100%. |
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GDP (purchasing power parity):
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$1.189
billion (2007 est.) |
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GDP (official exchange rate):
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$905
million (2005 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate:
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3.8%
(2007 est.) |
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GDP - per capita (PPP):
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$10,900
(2005 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture:
3.8%
industry: 22%
services: 74.3% (2002 est.) |
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Labor force:
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30,000
(1991) |
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Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture:
7%
industry: 11%
services: 82% (1983) |
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Unemployment rate:
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11%
(2001 est.) |
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Population below poverty line:
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NA%
|
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Household income or consumption
by percentage share:
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lowest
10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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2.8%
(2007 est.) |
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Budget:
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revenues:
$123.7 million
expenditures: $145.9 million (2000 est.) |
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Agriculture - products:
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cotton,
fruits, vegetables, bananas, coconuts, cucumbers, mangoes, sugarcane;
livestock |
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Industries:
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tourism,
construction, light manufacturing (clothing, alcohol, household
appliances) |
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Industrial production growth rate:
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NA%
|
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Electricity - production:
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105
million kWh (2005) |
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Electricity - production by
source:
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fossil
fuel: 100%
hydro: 0%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (2001) |
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Electricity - consumption:
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97.65
million kWh (2005) |
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Electricity - exports:
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0
kWh (2005) |
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Electricity - imports:
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0
kWh (2005) |
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Oil - production:
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0
bbl/day (2005) |
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Oil - consumption:
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4,000
bbl/day (2005 est.) |
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Oil - exports:
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177.7
bbl/day (2004) |
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Oil - imports:
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4,215
bbl/day (2004) |
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Oil - proved reserves:
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0
bbl (1 January 2006 est.) |
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Natural gas - production:
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0
cu m (2005 est.) |
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Natural gas - consumption:
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0
cu m (2005 est.) |
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Natural gas - exports:
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0
cu m (2005 est.) |
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Natural gas - imports:
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0
cu m (2005) |
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Natural gas - proved reserves:
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0
cu m (1 January 2006 est.) |
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Current account balance:
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$-83.4
million (2004) |
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Exports:
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$84.3
million (2007 est.) |
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Exports - commodities:
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petroleum
products 48%, manufactures 23%, machinery and transport equipment 17%,
food and live animals 4%, other 8% |
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Exports - partners:
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Spain
34%, Germany 20.7%, Italy 7.7%, Singapore 5.8%, UK 4.9% (2006) |
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Imports:
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$522.8
million (2007 est.) |
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Imports - commodities:
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food
and live animals, machinery and transport equipment, manufactures,
chemicals, oil |
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Imports - partners:
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US
21.1%, China 16.4%, Germany 13.3%, Singapore 12.7%, Spain 6.5% (2006) |
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Economic aid - recipient:
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$7.23
million (2005) |
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Debt - external:
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$359.8
million (June 2006) |
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Currency (code):
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East
Caribbean dollar (XCD) |
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Currency code:
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XCD
|
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Exchange rates:
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East
Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7 (2007), 2.7 (2006), 2.7 (2005),
2.7 (2004), 2.7 (2003)
note: fixed rate since 1976 |
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Fiscal year:
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1
April - 31 March |
| Communications |
Antigua and Barbuda |
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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40,000
(2006) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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102,000
(2006) |
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Telephone system:
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general
assessment: NA
domestic: good automatic telephone system
international: country code - 1-268; landing
point for the East Caribbean Fiber System (ECFS) optic submarine cable
with links to 13 other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from
the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad; satellite earth station - 2;
tropospheric scatter to Saba (Netherlands Antilles) and Guadeloupe
(2007) |
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM
4, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998) |
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Radios:
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36,000
(1997) |
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Television broadcast stations:
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2
(1997) |
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Televisions:
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31,000
(1997) |
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Internet country code:
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.ag
|
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Internet hosts:
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2,133
(2007) |
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
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16
(2000) |
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Internet users:
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32,000
(2006) |
| Transportation |
Antigua and Barbuda |
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Airports:
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3
(2007) |
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total:
2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2007) |
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Airports - with unpaved runways:
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total:
1
under 914 m: 1 (2007) |
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Roadways:
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total:
1,165 km
paved: 384 km
unpaved: 781 km (2002) |
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Merchant marine:
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total:
1,059 ships (1000 GRT or over) 8,158,597 GRT/10,757,767 DWT
by type: bulk carrier 46, cargo 612, carrier
4, chemical tanker 6, container 350, liquefied gas 11, petroleum tanker
1, refrigerated cargo 9, roll on/roll off 20
foreign-owned: 1,021 (Australia 1, Colombia 1,
Cyprus 2, Denmark 15, Estonia 15, France 1, Germany 891, Greece 3,
Iceland 9, Latvia 9, Lebanon 1, Lithuania 6, Netherlands 19, Norway 7,
NZ 2, Poland 2, Russia 5, Slovenia 6, Sweden 1, Switzerland 5, Turkey
7, UK 4, US 8, Vietnam 1) (2007) |
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Ports and terminals:
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Saint
John's |
| Military |
Antigua and Barbuda |
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Military branches:
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Royal
Antigua and Barbuda Defense Force (2006) |
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Military service age and
obligation:
|
18
years of age (est.); no conscript military service (2001) |
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Manpower available for military
service:
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males
age 18-49: 18,952
females age 18-49: 18,360 (2005 est.) |
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Manpower fit for military service:
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males
age 18-49: 14,859
females age 18-49: 14,947 (2005 est.) |
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Manpower reaching military
service age annually:
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males
age 18-49: 507
females age 18-49: 494 (2005 est.) |
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Military expenditures - percent
of GDP:
|
NA
(2006) |
| Transnational Issues |
Antigua and Barbuda |
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Disputes - international:
|
none
|
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Illicit drugs:
|
considered
a minor transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe;
more significant as an offshore financial center |
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This page was last
updated on 12 February, 2008
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